Babel Crítica

Babel, de Zygmunt Bauman e Ezio Mauro

00:00Isabela Lapa


“No fim das contas, entre a Babilônia imaginada por Borges e o mundo que a modernidade outrora nos prometeu – que Jean Paul Sartre captou na frase sublime ‘le choix que je suis’ (‘a escolha que eu sou’) – jaz o interregno no qual estamos vivendo agora: um espaço e um tempo estendidos, móveis, imateriais, sobre os quais reina o princípio da heterogenia de fins, talvez como nunca antes. Uma desordem que é nova, mas ainda assim babélica.” 

Zygmunt Bauman é o sociológio polonês que criou o conceito de liquidez e discute as questões acerca do mundo moderno partindo da premissa de que vivemos em uma sociedade líquida, onde nada é feito para durar. Com análises bem pontuais, cada um dos seus livros aborda um aspecto específico: consumo, poder, amor, vigilância, globalização, moral etc. 

Recentemente, em parceria com o jornalista Ezio Mauro, Bauman publicou o livro Babel - Entre a incerteza e a esperança, que chegou ao Brasil pela Editora Zahar no mês de julho, e discute questões relacionadas à crise da democracia em razão do capitalismo globalizado.

Segundo os autores, a democracia enfrenta problemas uma vez que os Estados, que foram constituídos de forma autônoma, estão cada vez mais vulneráveis diante das forças do capital, do mercado e das corporações internacionais. Diante disso, a população perdeu a confiança nas instituições e deixou de acreditar em promessas políticas, o que está tornando o mundo cada vez mais intolerante e, consequentemente, cada vez mais frágil. 

Pela ótica defendida na obra, estamos enfrentando um período de instabilidade e incerteza, que foi definido por Bauman como "tempos de interregno", já que o que conhecemos ficou para trás, porém o novo não se estabeleceu ainda. 

Além disso, os autores discutem questões acerca da desigualdade e da exclusão social, abordando aspectos relacionados à estrutura salarial, às diversidade cultural etc. Da mesma forma, também existem comentários relevantes acerca da opinião pública, da tecnologia, da influência das redes sociais sobre a sociedade e sobre as estruturas de poder.

Um aspecto interessante levantado por Bauman diz respeito à questão da autoexposição. Segundo o autor, ao usarmos a internet com o intuito de publicar a nossa intimidade, os nossos pensamentos e as nossas atividades, nós contribuímos para a vigilância e fornecemos, voluntariamente, as informações necessárias para que as instituições de poder exerçam o controle sobre a nossa vida e sobre as nossas escolhas,  o que pode interferir diretamente na nossa liberdade, incentivar o consumo desmedido e contribuir para a nossa alienação e falta de informação.

"(...) Eu compartilho sua visão pessimista do presente e também sua avaliação de curto e possivelmente médio prazo. Mas acredito que o que nos mantém vivos e atuantes (em oposição à capitulação) é a imortalidade da esperança. E tento tanto quanto possível aderir ao princípio estratégico de Camus, cuja prática, como eu espero, você compartilha: "Eu me rebelo, logo nós existimos.""

O livro é estruturado em forma de diálogo, o que torna a leitura fluida e nos permite pensar sobre todos os assuntos a partir de dois pontos de vista. A leitura nos tira da zona de conforto e nos faz refletir sobre a sociedade na qual estamos inseridos e sobre questões política de extrema relevância, possibilitando uma maior compreensão acerca da crise mundial que estamos enfrentando.

Vale a pena conferir!

Encontre o livro aqui.


*Este livro é uma cortesia da Editora Zahar.


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